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Manuel de Llanza y Pignatelli
Manuel de Llanza y de Pignatelli de Aragón, Hurtado de Mendoza y Esquivel, 10th Duke of Solferino, 11th Marquis of Coscojuela, 13th Count of Centelles, grandee of Spain (1858-1927) was a Spanish Carlist politician. In the late 19th century he emerged as one of party leaders in Catalonia and was its regional jefe in two separate strings of 1910-1914 and 1917-1919. He is recognized as typical example of inner-circle aristocrat ruling the party during the Restoration period.
==Family and youth==
The Llanzas are one of the oldest families in Catalonia, recorded already in the 12th century.〔''La Hormiga de Oro'' 21.07.27, available (here )〕 In the early 17th century one of its branches settled at a large pairal estate〔Cesar Alcalá, ''Intervención de soldados catalanes en el Saqueo de Roma'', () ''Arbil'' 85, available (here )〕 in Vilassar de Mar.〔Francesc Llança de Sant Julià d’Alfou married Maria-Anna Eroles,descendant to a family holding the estate since 13th century, ''Can Maians'' entry, ()'' Museu Arxiu de Vilassar de Dalt'' service, available (here )〕 Its descendant and Manuel's paternal grandfather, Rafael de Llanza i de Valls (1772-1833),〔his biography in ''Iltre. Sr. D. Rafael de Llanza y de Valls'', Mataró 1892〕 made a very picturesque figure during the Napoleonic period. His military career〔he rose to the rank of tinent coronel, David Galí, Raquel Lacuesta, Marta Piera, ''El Palau dels Comtes i la formació de la vila de Centelles'', Centelles 2014, p. 55〕 was extremely windy: first he fought against the French (in Catalonia), then as a French ally against the English (in Galicia and Portugal), the Austrians (in Italy) and the Prussians (in Pomerania and Denmark), was incarcerated for attempt to join national anti-French rising of 1808, as a volunteer reached Moscow and ended up in the army of Ferdinand VII.〔Roberto de Llanza, ''El ‘Itinerario’ de don Rafael de Llanza'', () ''Boletín de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona'' 26 (1955-1956), pp. 235-282, available (here )〕 His diary provides excellent first-hand insight into the plight of Spanish troops in Russia.〔Rafael de Llanza y de Valls, ''Un español en el ejercito de Napoleon'', Madrid 2008, ISBN 9788496170858〕
Rafael's son and Manuel's father, Benito Llanza y de Esquivel (1822-1863),〔some sources claim he died in 1867, Casimir Martí, ''L'orientació de Pi i Margall cap el socialisme i la democrácia. La correspondencia entre Pi i Margall i el duc de Solferino (1846-1865)'', () ''Recerques: Història, economia i cultura'', 3 (1974), p. 156〕 initially also served in the army.〔and reached the rank of commandante, Galí, Lacuesta, Piera 2014, p. 55〕 However, he became known as high official of Ministerio de Instrucción Pública in successive Narváez governments,〔''Catáleg del fons Benet de Llanza i Esquivel'', Barcelona 2007, p. 3, available (here ). According the same source he served as a senator, but the official Senate website does not confirm this, compare (here )〕 member of intellectual elite and engaged in disputes with the likes of Pablo Piferrer, Joan Mañé i Flaquer, Francesc Pi i Margall, Manuel Milà i Fontanals and Manuel Tamayo y Baus. Himself he tried his hand in letters〔he wrote two dramas: ''Centellas y Moncada'' and ''Adriana Borgia'', Martí 1974, p. 156〕 and was also co-founder of l’Acadèmia Provincial de Belles Arts de Barcelona.〔Galí, Lacuesta, Piera 2014, p. 55〕 In 1849 he married Maria de la Concepción Pignatelli de Aragón y Belloni (1824-1858),〔see ''María de la Concepción Pignatelli Belloni y Moncayo, IX Duquesa de Solferino'' entry at ''Geni'' genealogical service, available (here )〕 duchess of Solferino and condesa de Centelles, descendant to a family originating from Italy〔her great-grandfather (and Manuel's great-great-grandfather), Giovanni Anastasio Pignatelli, was the first of the family who settled in Spain, Valentina Fernández Vargas, ''Memoria de mujeres en el callejero de Madrid'', Madrid 2004, p. 141, available (here )〕 and heiress to enormous land fortune in Aragon. Politically close to the Moderados〔he broke with Pi y Margall after the latter declared himself a socialist, Martí 1974, p. 157〕 he probably aspired to political career, thwarted by his premature death.〔Martí 1974, p. 159〕
The couple had 5 children: Manuel was born as the younger one of two sons. Little is known about his childhood, except that he was very early orphaned by both parents; since his older brother died in infancy,〔Santiago Broto Aparicio, ''La noble casa aragonese de los Condes de Fuente'', () ''Diario del Elto Aragón'' 11.01.04, available (here )〕 he inherited all aristocratic titles and the family fortune at the age of 10.〔Faustino Menendez Pidal de Navascues (ed.), ''Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía'', vol. 10, Madrid 2007, ISSN 11331240, p. 281, ''La Hormiga de Oro'' 21.07.27, available (here )〕 Together with sisters he was raised by paternal uncle, Rafael Llanza y Esquivel, who unlike his brother was a vehement Carlist.〔César Alcalá, ''Fotografía familiar'', () ''Tradición Viva'' service 2010, available (here ), engaged in party propaganda since 1868, B. de Artagan (Brea ), ''Politicos del carlismo'', Barcelona 1913, p. 110; he was deputy to the Cortes in 1872, see the official Cortes service available (here )〕 The family left Spain following declaration of the Republic and returned in 1876;〔Galí, Lacuesta, Piera 2014, p. 58〕 Manuel enrolled in law at Universidad de Barcelona and graduated at unspecified time in the late 1870s.〔Alcalá 2010, Artagan 1913, p. 108; he did not practice as lawyer and hired professionals when involved in juridical disputes, e.g. when contending the title of duque de Monteleon, see ''El Globo'' 08.06.00, available (here )〕 In 1881 he married Maria Asunción de Bobadilla y Martínez de Arizala (1861-1898),〔''Anales de la Real Academia...'' 2007, p. 281 gives the wrong date of 1908; for correct information see ''Hormiga de Oro'' 22.11.98, available (here )〕 descendant to a wealthy Navarrese family; her father, Mauricio de Bobadilla y Escrivá de Romaní, was head of Navarrese Carlism〔César Alcalá, ''D. Mauricio de Sivatte. Una biografía política (1901-1980)'', Barcelona 2001, ISBN 8493109797, p. 10-11〕 and served as deputy from Estella in Cortes Constituentes between 1869 and 1871.〔see the official Cortes service, available (here )〕 The couple settled in Solferino's palace in Barcelona.〔for details see Armand de Fluvia i Escorsa, Itziar Gonzalez Virós, Pere Vivas, ''El Pallau Centelles'', Barcelona 2002, ISBN 8439359357, available (here )〕 They had 7 children, born between 1884 and 1895.〔''Anales de la Real Academia...'' 2007, pp. 281-2〕 The oldest son, Luis Gonzaga de Llanza y de Bobadilla, inherited the ducado and together with his brother Francisco became active in Catalan Carlism,〔in early 20th century Luis was president of the Barcelona Circulo Obrero Tradicionalista, later on becoming member of Junta Provincial; he also served as president of Juventud Tradicionalista of Barcelona; Francisco was active in Circulo Obrero Tradicionalista of Horta, Artagan 1913, p. 111〕 though none of them grew into prominence as a politician.〔they are not mentioned a single time in Robert Vallverdú i Martí, ''El Carlisme Català Durant La Segona República Espanyola 1931-1936'', Barcelona 2008, ISBN 9788478260805〕
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